This study examines the association between abdominal obesity and cognitive function in older adults and addresses the discrepancy between body mass index (BMI) and risk of dementia. While BMI may not adequately reflect nutritional status in old age, recent studies suggest that abdominal obesity, which is measured by waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio, may be a better indicator of brain health. The research investigates the effects of visceral and subcutaneous fat accumulation on cognitive functions over a period of 10 years and is intended to provide insights into modifiable risk factors for dementia in aging populations. Specifically, the study analyses longitudinal data from older adults living in the community, examining the relationship between abdominal adipose tissue and cognitive decline in men and women separately.