The intestinal microbiome, i.e. the collection of microorganisms that live in our intestines, has become a hot topic in health research. It's not just about digestion; these tiny organisms play an important role in our overall health, including our hormone balance. Researchers have found that the composition of gut microbiome may differ between men and women, possibly due to differences in sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone.

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The diversity of the gut microbiome is regulated by sex hormones

In studies on mice, scientists have found that certain bacteria are more common in male mice than in female mice. It is assumed that this difference in intestinal bacteria is influenced by sex hormones, which can change the intestinal environment in such a way that the growth of certain bacteria is promoted. For example, increased estrogen levels during pregnancy can significantly change the microbiome in a woman's intestine.

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However, the relationship is not one-sided. The gut microbiome also influences hormone levels in our bodies. Bacteria in the intestines can produce enzymes such as beta-glucuronidase, which affect levels of hormones such as estrogen by breaking down substances that would otherwise remove these hormones from the body. That means the microbiome can help keep levels of certain hormones higher, which can affect everything from mood to metabolism.

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Link between the gut microbiome and some common sex hormone diseases

The study also addresses the question of how the gut microbiome could be linked to diseases that are affected by sex hormones. For example, diseases such as ovarian cancer, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) have been linked to changes in the gut microbiome. PMOP, for example, a disease in which the bones are damaged after Menopause become weaker, may be affected by changes in intestinal bacteria that affect estrogen levels.

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Researchers are investigating how altering the gut microbiome could open up a new way to treat these diseases. By adding or removing certain types of bacteria, it could be possible to adjust hormone levels and reduce the risk of disease. This approach, known as microbial intervention, is still in its infancy but is promising as a potential treatment strategy.

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In summary, this study reveals the complex connection between our gut microbiome and sex hormones. Not only do our hormones influence the types of bacteria that live in our intestines, but these bacteria can in turn influence our hormone levels. A better understanding of this relationship could lead to new treatment options for diseases associated with hormonal imbalances by specifically influencing the intestinal microbiome.