This study examines the global trend towards ultra-processed foods, which are characterized by a high industrial share and a minimal proportion of whole foods, and their effects on dietary patterns and health. It highlights the increasing consumption of these products worldwide, which is attributable to behavioral, environmental and commercial factors. Concerns arise from their nutrient-poor profile and potential health consequences, including chronic inflammatory diseases. Despite growing interest, there is currently no comprehensive review that summarizes the meta-analytical findings on the links between the consumption of ultra-processed foods and negative health consequences. The present review aims to fill this gap and provide insights for health policy and strategies to reduce the risks associated with eating ultra-processed foods.