Stem cells are non-specific cells that can develop into specialized cells in the body. They have the ability to divide indefinitely and differentiate into different types of cells, which makes them play an important role in tissue repair and renewal. There are two main types of stem cells: totipotent and pluripotent stem cells. Totipotent stem cells are the earliest stem cells that can develop into any cell type. They are formed during early embryonic development and play an important role in the formation of the body's various tissues and organs. Pluripotent stem cells, on the other hand, are a bit more advanced and can develop into a wide variety of cell types, but not just any cell type. They are formed during subsequent embryonic development and play an important role in repairing tissues throughout the individual's life.

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Stem cells are intensively studied in medical research and clinical practice due to their ability to differentiate into different cell types. They are being considered as a potential treatment option for a wide range of diseases and injuries, including heart attacks, neurological disorders, and joint injuries. Stem cells are also used in cosmetic surgery to treat certain skin problems.